Case Report on Achalasia Cardia

Motor dysphagia has a number of frequent causes, including achalasia. The failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax results in achalasia, a condition of esophageal smooth muscle motility. The gastroesophageal junction becomes functionally blocked as a result of this disease. The actual pathophysiology of this disorder is still unknown, despite the fact that the disease was originally recorded more than 300 years ago. Loss of the inhibitory ganglion in the myenteric plexus of the oesophagus can be the pathophysiological aetiology of achalasia cardia. In the esophageal myenteric plexus, there is a loss of inhibitory neurons that produce VIP and nitric oxide synthase, but in extreme situations, it also affects cholinergic neurons. Despite numerous possibilities being put forth, the specific cause of this deterioration remains unknown. The autoimmune phenomenon, viral infection, and genetic predisposition are some of these hypotheses.  Read more...